10th Maths- Chapter 2- Numbers and Sequences Exercise 2.4 (All Sums)
Question 1.
Find the next three terms of the following sequence.
(i) 8, 24, 72, …….
(ii) 5, 1, -3, …….
(iii) 14,29,316………..
Solution:
(i) 8, 24, 72…
In an arithmetic sequence a = 8,
d = t1 – t1 = t3 – t2
= 24 – 8 72 – 24
= 16 ≠ 48
So, it is not an arithmetic sequence. In a geometric sequence,
r = t2t1=t3t2
⇒ 248=7224
⇒ 3 = 3
∴ It is a geometric sequence
∴ The nth term of a G.P is tn = arn-1
∴ t4 = 8 × 34-1
= 8 × 33
= 8 × 27
= 216
t5 = 8 × 35-1
= 8 × 34
= 8 × 81
= 648
t6 = 8 × 36-1
= 8 × 35
= 8 × 243
= 1944
The next 3 terms are 8, 24, 72, 216, 648, 1944.
(ii) 5, 1, -3, …
d = t2 – t1 = t3 – t2
⇒ 1 – 5 = -3-1
-4 = -4 ∴ It is an A.P.
tn = a+(n – 1)d
t4 = 5 + 3 × – 4
= 5 – 12
= -7
15 = a + 4d
= 5 + 4 × -4
= 5 – 16
= -11
t6 = a + 5d
= 5 + 5 × – 4
= 5 – 20
= – 15
∴ The next three terms are 5, 1, -3, -7, -11, -15.
(iii) 14,29,316,………..
Here an = Numerators are natural numbers and denominators are squares of the next numbers
14,29,316,425,536,649………….
Question 2.
Find the first four terms of the sequences whose nth terms are given by
(i) an = n3 -2
Solution:
an = n3 – 2
a1 = 13 – 2 = 1 – 2 = -1
a2 = 23 – 2 = 8 – 2 = 6
a3 = 33 – 2 = 27 – 2 = 25
a4 = 43 – 2 = 64 – 2 = 62
The four terms are -1, 6, 25 and 62
(ii) an = (-1)n+1 n(n + 1)
Solution:
an = (-1)n+1 n(n + 1)
a1 = (-1)2 (1) (2) = 1 × 1 × 2 = 2
a2 = (-1)3 (2) (3) = -1 × 2 × 3 = -6
a3 = (-1)4 (3) (4) = 1 × 3 × 4 = 12
a4 = (-1)5 (4) (5) = -1 × 4 × 5 = -20
The four terms are 2, -6, 12 and -20
(iii) an = 2n2 – 6
Solution:
an = 2 n2 – 6
a1 = 2(1)2 – 6 = 2 – 6 = -4
a2 = 2(2)2 – 6 = 8 – 6 = 2
a3 = 2(3)2 – 6 = 18 – 6 = 12
a4 = 2(4)2 – 6 = 32 – 6 = 26
The four terms are -4, 2, 12, 26
Question 3.
Find the nth term of the following sequences
(i) 2, 5, 10, 17, ……….
(ii) 0, 12, 23,…..
(iii) 3, 8, 13, 18, ………
Solution:
(i) 2, 5, 10, 17
= 12 + 1, 22 + 1, 32 + 1, 42 + 1 ……….
∴ nth term is n2+1
(ii) 0, 12,23,………….
= 1−11,2−12,3−13…..
⇒ n−1n
∴ nth term is n−1n
(iii) 3, 8, 13, 18
a = 3
d = 5
tn = a + (n – 1)d
= 3 + (n – 1)5
= 3 + 5n – 5
= 5n – 2
∴ nth term is 5n – 2
Question 4.
Find the indicated terms of the sequences whose nth terms are given by
(i) an = 5nn+2 ; a6 and a13
(ii) an = -(n2 – 4); a4 and a11
Solution:
(i) an = 5n/(n + 2)
a6 = 5(6)/(6 + 2) = 30/8 = 15/4
a13 = 5(13)/(13 + 2) = (5 x 13)/15 = 13/3
a6 = 15/4, a13 = 13/3
(ii) an = -(n2 – 4)
a4 = -(42 – 4)
= – (16 – 4)
= -12
a11 = -(112 – 4)
= – (121 – 4)
= – 117
a4 = -12 and a11 = -117
Question 5.
Find a8 and a15 whose nth term is
Question 6.
If a1 = 1, a2 = 1 and an = 2an-1 + an-2 n > 3, n ∈ N. Then find the first six terms of the sequence.
Solution:
a1 = a2 = 1
an = 2an-1 + an-2
a3 = 2a3-1 + a3-2 = 2a2 + a1
= 2(1) + 1 = 3
a4 = 2a4-1 + a4-2
= 2a3 + a2
= 2(3) + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7
a5 = 2 a5-1 + a5-2
= 2a4 + a3
= 2(7) + 3 = 17
a6 = 2a6-1 + a6-2
= 2a5 + a4
= 2(17) + 7
= 34 + 7 = 41
The sequence is 1, 1, 3, 7, 17,41, …